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Chii chinoitika kana iwe ukaisa inductors uye capacitors mudunhu?Chimwe chinhu chinotonhorera-uye icho chakakosha chaizvo.
Iwe unogona kugadzira akawanda akasiyana marudzi e inductors, asi yakajairika mhando ndeye cylindrical coil-a solenoid.
Kana ikozvino ichipfuura nepakati pekutanga loop, inogadzira magnetic field inopfuura nepakati pezvimwe zvishwe.Kunze kwekunge amplitude ichichinja, magnetic field haizove nemigumisiro.Kushandura magnetic field kunogadzira magetsi emagetsi mune mamwe matunhu.Nzira yeiyi ndima yemagetsi inoburitsa shanduko mukugona kwemagetsi sebhatiri.
Pakupedzisira, tine mudziyo une musiyano unogona kuenzana nechiyero chenguva yekuchinja kwezvino (nekuti ikozvino inogadzira magnetic field). Izvi zvinogona kunyorwa se:
Pane zvinhu zviviri zvekunongedza muequation iyi.Chekutanga, L ndiyo inductance.Inongoenderana chete nejeometry ye solenoid (kana chero chimiro chaunacho), uye kukosha kwayo kunoyerwa nechimiro chaHenry.Chechipiri, pane minus. chiratidzo.Izvi zvinoreva kuti shanduko yezvinogona mhiri inductor inopesana nekushanduka kwezvino.
Ko iyo inductance inoita sei mudunhu?Kana uine anogara aripo, saka hapana shanduko (yakananga ikozvino), saka hapana inogona mutsauko mhiri kweinductor-inoita sekunge isingatombovepo.Kana paine a high-frequency current (AC circuit), pachava nemusiyano mukuru unokwanisa kuyambuka inductor.
Saizvozvowo, kune zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzirisa ma capacitors.Chimiro chakareruka chinoshandisa mahwendefa maviri anoenderana conductive, imwe neimwe ine chaji (asi mambure ekubhadhara i zero).
Kubhadhara pamahwendefa aya kunogadzira magetsi mukati me capacitor.Nekuda kwemunda wemagetsi, simba remagetsi pakati pemahwendefa rinofanirawo kuchinja.Kukosha kweiyi misiyano inogona kuenderana nehuwandu hwekubhadhara.Musiyano unokwanisa kudarika capacitor unogona kuva zvakanyorwa se:
Pano C ndiyo capacitance kukosha mu farads-inoenderanawo chete nekugadziriswa kwemuviri kwechigadzirwa.
Kana ikozvino inopinda mu capacitor, mari yekubhadhara pabhodhi ichachinja.Kana pane nguva dzose (kana kuti yakaderera frequency) ikozvino, ikozvino icharamba ichiwedzera mari kune mahwendefa kuti iwedzere kukwanisa, saka nekufamba kwenguva, iyo inogona pakupedzisira iva sedunhu rakazaruka, uye iyo capacitor voltage ichave yakaenzana nebhatiri voltage (kana simba rekupa) .Kana uine high-frequency current, mari yacho ichawedzerwa uye inotorwa kubva pamahwendefa ari mu capacitor, uye pasina mari. kuunganidza, iyo capacitor ichaita sekunge isingatombovepo.
Ngatitii tinotanga nechaji capacitor uye tinoibatanidza kune inductor (hapana kupikisa munharaunda nokuti ndiri kushandisa waya dzemuviri dzakakwana) .Funga nezvenguva iyo iyo miviri yakabatana.Kufunga kuti pane shanduko, ipapo ndinogona kutora dhayagiramu inotevera.
Izvi ndizvo zviri kuitika.Kutanga, hapana ikozvino (nokuti shanduko yakazaruka) .Kana shanduko yakavharwa, pachava nemazuva ano, pasina kupikisa, ikozvino ichasvetukira kune infinity.Zvisinei, uku kuwedzera kukuru kwezvino kunoreva kuti iyo inogona kugadzirwa mhiri kweinductor ichachinja.Pane imwe nguva, iyo inogona kuchinja mhiri kweinductor ichave yakakura kudarika shanduko kuyambuka capacitor (nokuti iyo capacitor inorasikirwa nechaji sezvo ikozvino inoyerera), uye ipapo ikozvino ichadzosera uye recharge iyo capacitor. .Iyi nzira icharamba ichidzokorora-nekuti hapana kuramba.
Inonzi LC circuit nokuti ine inductor (L) uye capacitor (C) -ndinofunga kuti izvi zviri pachena.Kugona kuchinja kwakapoteredza dunhu rose kunofanira kuva zero (nokuti inotenderera) kuitira kuti ndinyore:
Zvose Q uye ini tiri kuchinja nekufamba kwenguva.Pane kuwirirana pakati peQ neni nokuti ikozvino ndiyo nguva yekuchinja kwebhadharo inosiya capacitor.
Iye zvino ndine chikamu chechipiri chekusiyanisa equation yechaji yakasiyana.Iyi haisi iyo yakaoma equation kugadzirisa-chokwadi, ndinogona kufungidzira mhinduro.
Izvi zvinenge zvakafanana nemhinduro yehuwandu pachirimo (kunze kwechiitiko ichi, nzvimbo yacho inochinjwa, kwete mutero).Asi mira!Hatifaniri kufungidzira mhinduro, unogonawo kushandisa nhamba gadzirisa dambudziko iri.Regai nditange nezvakakosha zvinotevera:
Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri nenhamba, ndichatsemura dambudziko kuita nhanho diki dzenguva. Panguva yega yega, ndicha:
Ndinofunga kuti izvi zvakanaka kwazvo.Kunyange zviri nani, unogona kuyera nguva ye oscillation yedunhu (shandisa mouse kuti uende uye uwane kukosha kwenguva), uye wozoshandisa nzira inotevera kuti uienzanise neinotarirwa angular frequency:
Ehe, iwe unogona kushandura zvimwe zvemukati muchirongwa uye uone zvinoitika-enda mberi, haungaparadze chero chinhu zvachose.
Muenzaniso uri pamusoro apa haugoneki.Maseketi echokwadi (kunyanya waya refu mune inductors) ane kuramba.Kana ndaida kuisa resistor iyi mumuenzaniso wangu, dunhu raizotaridzika seizvi:
Izvi zvichachinja voltage loop equation.Izvo zvino zvichavawo izwi rekuti inogona kudonha mhiri kwe resistor.
Ini ndinogona zvakare kushandisa chinongedzo pakati pechaji uye chazvino kuti ndiwane inotevera mutsauko equation:
Mushure mekuwedzera chinopikisa, iyi ichava equation yakaoma, uye hatingango "fembera" mhinduro.Zvisinei, hazvifanirwe kunge zvakanyanya kuoma kugadzirisa maverengero enhamba epamusoro kugadzirisa dambudziko iri.Kutaura zvazviri, shanduko chete ndiwo mutsetse unoverengera chechipiri chechaji.Ndakawedzera izwi ipapo kutsanangura kuramba (asi kwete kutanga kurongeka).Ndichishandisa 3 ohm resistor, ndinowana mhedzisiro inotevera (baya bhatani rekutamba zvakare kuti rimhanye).
Hongu, iwe unogona zvakare kushandura kukosha kweC uye L, asi chenjera. Kana iwo akanyanya kuderera, iyo frequency ichave yakanyanya uye iwe unofanirwa kushandura saizi yenhanho yenguva kune diki kukosha.
Paunogadzira modhi (kuburikidza nekuongorora kana nzira dzenhamba), dzimwe nguva haunyatso ziva kuti zviri pamutemo here kana kuti ndezvekunyepedzera. Imwe nzira yekuyedza muenzaniso ndeyekuienzanisa nedata chairo.Ngatiitei izvi.Iyi ndiyo yangu setting.
Aya ndiwo mashandire azvinoita.Chekutanga, ndakashandisa mabhatiri erudzi rweD matatu kuchaja macapacitors.Ndinogona kuziva kana capacitor inenge yazara nekutarisa pavoltage iri mhiri kwecapacitor.Zvino, bvisa bhatiri wobva wavhara switch to buritsa iyo capacitor kuburikidza ne inductor.Inopikisa inongova chikamu chewaya-ini handina chinopikisa chakasiyana.
Ndakaedza misanganiswa yakawanda yakasiyana-siyana ye capacitor uye inductors, uye pakupedzisira ndakawana rimwe basa.Panyaya iyi, ndakashandisa 5 μF capacitor uye yakashata-yakashata transformer yekare se inductor yangu (isina kuratidzwa pamusoro).Handina chokwadi nezvekukosha kwe iyo inductance, saka ndinongofungidzira nguva yekona uye ndinoshandisa yangu inozivikanwa capacitance kukosha kugadzirisa 13.6 Henry's inductance.Nekuda kwekupikisa, ndakaedza kuyera kukosha uku ne ohmmeter, asi kushandisa kukosha kwe715 ohms mumuenzaniso wangu kwaiita sekushanda. zvakanakisisa.
Iyi igirafu yemuenzaniso wangu wenhamba uye chiyero chakayerwa munharaunda chaiyo (Ndakashandisa Vernier differential voltage probe kuti ndiwane voltage sekushanda kwenguva).
Haisi yakakwana-asi iri pedyo zvakakwana kwandiri.Zviri pachena, ndinogona kugadzirisa zvigadziro zvishoma kuti ndiwane zviri nani, asi ndinofunga kuti izvi zvinoratidza kuti muenzaniso wangu hausi kupenga.
Chinhu chikuru cheiyi LRC dunhu ndechekuti ine mamwe echisikigo mafambiro anoenderana nehunhu hweL neC.Tomboti ndaita chimwe chinhu chakasiyana.Ko kana ndikabatanidza oscillating voltage sosi kune ino LRC dunhu? hukuru hwemazuva ano munharaunda hunoenderana nehuwandu hwemhepo inonzi oscillating voltage source.Kana iyo frequency yevoltage source uye LC circuit yakafanana, iwe uchawana iyo yakawanda ikozvino.
Chubhu ine aruminiyamu foil icapacitor, uye chubhu ine waya inductor.Pamwechete ne (diode uye earpiece) izvi zvinoumba redhiyo yekristaro.Hongu, ndakaiisa pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zviri nyore (Ndakatevera mirairo paYouTube ino. Vhidhiyo). Pfungwa huru ndeyekugadzirisa hunhu hwemacapacitor uye inductors kuti "tune" kune chaiyo nhepfenyuro. Handikwanise kuita kuti ishande nemazvo-handifunge kuti kune nhepfenyuro dze AM dzakatenderedza. (kana inductor yangu yaputsika) .Zvisinei, ndakaona kuti iyi yekare crystal radio kit inoshanda zvirinani.
Ndakawana chiteshi chandisingatombonzwi, saka ndinofunga redhiyo yangu yekuzvigadzira ingave isina kunaka zvakakwana kuti igamuchire chiteshi.Asi iyi RLC inorira inotenderera inobata sei basa redunhu, uye unowana sei chiratidzo chekuteerera kubva mairi?Zvimwe Ndichaichengeta mune ramangwana post.
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