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Summary

Mainductors akakosha zvakanyanya mukuchinja maconverter, akadai sekuchengetedza simba uye mafirita emagetsi. Kune akawanda marudzi emainductors, akadai seakasiyana maapplication (kubva kuzasi frequency kusvika yakakwira frequency), kana akasiyana epakati zvinhu zvinokanganisa maitiro einductor, zvichingodaro. Mainductors anoshandiswa mukuchinja maconverter akakwira-frequency magineti zvikamu. Nekudaro, nekuda kwezvakasiyana zvinhu zvakaita semidziyo, mamiriro ekushanda (akadai sevoltage uye yazvino), uye ambient tembiricha, hunhu uye dzidziso dzakaratidzwa zvakasiyana. Saka, mukugadzirwa kwedunhu, kuwedzera kune yakakosha parameter ye inductance kukosha, hukama pakati peimpedance yeinductor uye AC kuramba uye frequency, kurasikirwa kwepakati uye saturation ikozvino maitiro, nezvimwe zvinofanirwa kutariswa. Ichi chinyorwa chinozivisa akati wandei akakosha einductor epakati zvinhu uye hunhu hwawo, uye zvakare kutungamira mainjiniya emagetsi kuti asarudze anotengeswa akajairwa inductors.

Nhanganyaya

Inductor chinhu che electromagnetic induction component, chinoumbwa nekumonerera imwe nhamba yemakoiri (coil) pabhobhi kana pakati netambo yakavharidzirwa. Koiri iyi inonzi inductance coil kana kuti Inductor. Zvinoenderana nemusimboti weelectromagnetic induction, kana coil nemagnetic field zvichifamba zvine hukama kune mumwe nemumwe, kana coil inogadzira inochinjanisa magineti kuburikidza neinochinjika ikozvino, iyo induced voltage inogadzirwa kuramba shanduko yepakutanga magineti. uye chimiro ichi chekudzivirira shanduko yemazuva ano inonzi inductance.

Formula ye inductance value yakaita seformula (1), inoenzana nemagnetic permeability, square of the winding inotendeuka N, uye yakaenzana nemagnetic circuit cross-sectional area Ae, uye iri inversely proportional kune yakaenzana magineti yedunhu kureba le. . Kune akawanda marudzi e inductance, imwe neimwe yakakodzera kune akasiyana maapplication; iyo inductance inoenderana nechimiro, saizi, nzira yemhepo, nhamba yekutendeuka, uye mhando yepakati magineti zvinhu.

(1)

Zvichienderana nechimiro chesimbi yesimbi, inductance inosanganisira toroidal, E core uye drum; maererano nesimbi yepakati zvinhu, kune kunyanya ceramic musimboti uye maviri akapfava magineti marudzi. Iwo ferrite uye metallic upfu. Zvichienderana nechimiro kana kurongedza nzira, kune waya ronda, akawanda-layer, uye akaumbwa, uye waya ronda harina kudzivirirwa uye hafu yemagineti glue Yakavharidzirwa (semi-yakadzivirirwa) uye yakadzivirirwa (yakadzivirirwa), nezvimwe.

Iyo inductor inoita senge ipfupi redunhu mune yakananga ikozvino, uye inopa yakakwira impedance kune alternating ikozvino. Izvo zvakakosha zvinoshandiswa mumasekete zvinosanganisira kukachidza, kusefa, tuning, uye kuchengetedza simba. Mukushandiswa kweiyo switching converter, iyo inductor ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yekuchengetedza simba chikamu, uye inoumba yakaderera-pass sefa ine inobuda capacitor kuderedza kubuda kwemagetsi ripple, saka inoitawo basa rakakosha musefa basa.

Ichi chinyorwa chichasuma zvakasiyana-siyana zvakakosha zvema inductors uye maitiro avo, pamwe chete nemamwe emagetsi maitiro e inductors, seyakakosha yekuongorora referensi yekusarudza inductors panguva yedunhu dhizaini. Mumuenzaniso wekushandisa, maverengero eiyo inductance kukosha uye nzira yekusarudza inotengeswa inowanika standard inductor ichaunzwa kuburikidza nemienzaniso inoshanda.

Rudzi rwezvinhu zvakakosha

Mainductors anoshandiswa mukuchinja maconverter akakwira-frequency magineti zvikamu. Izvo zvepakati zvinhu zviri pakati zvinonyanya kukanganisa maitiro einductor, senge impedance uye frequency, inductance kukosha uye frequency, kana core saturation maitiro. Izvi zvinotevera zvinounza kuenzaniswa kweakawanda akajairwa iron musimboti zvinhu uye iwo saturation maitiro seyakakosha referenzi yekusarudza magetsi inductors:

1. Ceramic musimboti

Ceramic musimboti ndeimwe yezvakajairwa inductance zvinhu. Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa kupa iyo inotsigira chimiro chinoshandiswa pakupeta coil. Inonzi zvakare "air core inductor". Nekuti iyo musimboti wesimbi inoshandiswa isiri-magnetic zvinhu ine yakaderera tembiricha coefficient, iyo inductance kukosha kwakanyatso kugadzikana mune yekushanda tembiricha renji. Nekudaro, nekuda kweiyo isiri-magnetic zvinhu seyepakati, iyo inductance yakadzikira, iyo isina kunyatsokodzera kushandiswa kwemagetsi ekushandura.

2. Ferrite

Iyo ferrite musimboti inoshandiswa mune yakajairwa yakakwira frequency inductors ikamu referrite rine nickel zinc (NiZn) kana manganese zinc (MnZn), inova yakapfava magineti ferromagnetic zvinhu ine yakaderera kumanikidza. Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza hysteresis curve (BH loop) ye general magnetic core. Simba rekumanikidzira HC remagineti zvinhu zvinonziwo simba rekumanikidza, izvo zvinoreva kuti kana iyo magineti yave ine magineti kusvika kune magineti saturation, magineti yayo (magnetization) inoderedzwa kusvika zero Iyo inodiwa magineti simba panguva iyoyo. Kudzikira kumanikidza kunoreva kushomeka kushomeka kune demagnetization uye zvakare zvinoreva kuderera kwehysteresis kurasikirwa.

Manganese-zinc uye nickel-zinc ferrites dzine hupamhi hwepamusoro permeability (μr), inenge 1500-15000 uye 100-1000, maererano. Kukwirisa kwavo magineti kupinza kunoita kuti musimboti wesimbi ukwire mune imwe vhoriyamu. The inductance. Nekudaro, iyo yakashata ndeyekuti iyo inoshivirira saturation ikozvino yakadzikira, uye kana iyo musimboti wesimbi wazara, iyo magineti permeability inodonha zvakanyanya. Tarisa kuMufananidzo 4 wekuderera kwemaitiro emagineti epermeability yeferrite uye poda iron cores kana musimboti wesimbi wazara. Kuenzanisa. Kana ichishandiswa mumagetsi inductors, gap remhepo richasara mune guru remagineti redunhu, iro rinogona kuderedza kupera, kudzivirira kuzara uye kuchengetedza simba rakawanda; apo mhepo yemhepo inosanganiswa, iyo yakaenzana yehutano inopera inogona kunge inenge 20- Pakati pe 200. Sezvo kukwirira kwepamusoro kwezvinhu pachayo kunogona kuderedza kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa needdy current, kurasikirwa kwakaderera pamatunhu akakwirira, uye inonyanya kukodzera high-frequency transformers, EMI filter inductors uye magetsi ekuchengetedza inductors emagetsi ekushandura. Panyaya yekushanda frequency, nickel-zinc ferrite yakakodzera kushandiswa (> 1 MHz), nepo manganese-zinc ferrite inokodzera mabhendi epasi (<2 MHz).

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Mufananidzo 1. The hysteresis curve yemagnetic core (BR: remanence; BSAT: saturation magnetic flux density)

3. Powder iron core

Powder iron cores zvakare yakapfava-magnetic ferromagnetic zvinhu. Iwo akagadzirwa nesimbi poda alloys emhando dzakasiyana-siyana kana chete iron poda. Iyo fomula ine zvisiri-magineti zvinhu zvine akasiyana particle saizi, saka saturation curve ine hunyoro. Iyo poda iron core inowanzoita toroidal. Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza iyo poda iron core uye yayo muchinjiko-chikamu maonero.

Inowanikwa hupfu simbi cores inosanganisira iron-nickel-molybdenum alloy (MPP), sendust (Sendust), iron-nickel alloy (yakakwira flux) uye iron poda core (iron poda). Nemhaka yezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, maitiro ayo uye mitengo yakasiyanawo, iyo inokanganisa kusarudzwa kweva inductors. Izvi zvinotevera zvinounza ambotaurwa emhando mhando uye kuenzanisa maitiro avo:

A. Iron-nickel-molybdenum alloy (MPP)

Fe-Ni-Mo alloy yakapfupikiswa seMPP, inova chidimbu che molypermalloy poda. Iyo yehukama permeability ndeye 14-500, uye saturation magineti flux density inenge 7500 Gauss (Gauss), iyo yakakwira kupfuura saturation yemagineti flux density yeferrite (inenge 4000-5000 Gauss). Vazhinji kunze. MPP ine diki kurasikirwa kwesimbi uye ine yakanyanya kugadzikana tembiricha pakati pehupfu iron cores. Kana iyo yekunze DC ikozvino inosvika pakuzara ikozvino ISAT, kukosha kweiyo inductance kunodzikira zvishoma nezvishoma pasina kukurumidza kudzoreredzwa. MPP ine kuita zvirinani asi mutengo wakakwira, uye inowanzo shandiswa semagetsi inductor uye EMI kusefa kwevanoshandura simba.

B. Sendust

Iron-silicon-aluminium alloy iron core is alloy iron core inoumbwa nesimbi, silicon, uye aruminiyamu, ine hukama hwemagineti hunosvika 26 kusvika 125. Kurasikirwa kwesimbi kuri pakati pesimbi yehupfu core uye MPP uye iron-nickel alloy. . Iyo saturation yemagineti flux density yakakwira kupfuura MPP, ingangoita 10500 Gauss. Tembiricha kugadzikana uye saturation yazvino maitiro akadzikira zvishoma kune MPP uye iron-nickel alloy, asi zvirinani pane iron poda core uye ferrite core, uye mutengo wakachipa kupfuura MPP uye iron-nickel alloy. Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa muEMI kusefa, simba factor kururamisa (PFC) maseketi uye magetsi inductors ekuchinja magetsi anoshandura.

C. Iron-nickel alloy (high flux)

Iyo iron-nickel alloy core yakagadzirwa nesimbi uye nickel. Iyo hukama magineti permeability ndeye 14-200. Iko kurasikirwa kwesimbi uye kugadzikana kwekushisa kuri pakati peMPP uye iron-silicon-aluminium alloy. Iyo iron-nickel alloy core ine yakanyanya saturation magineti flux density, ingangoita zviuru gumi nezvishanu zveGauss, uye inogona kumirisana nepamusoro DC bias currents, uye hunhu hwayo hweDC bias huri nani zvakare. Chiyero chekushandisa: Inoshanda simba chinhu kururamisa, simba rekuchengetedza inductance, sefa inductance, yakakwira frequency transformer yeflyback converter, nezvimwe.

D. Upfu hwesimbi

Iyo iron poda musimboti inogadzirwa nepamusoro-kuchena simbi poda zvidimbu zvine zvidimbu zvidiki zvakasungwa kubva kune mumwe. Nzira yekugadzira inoita kuti ive nemhepo yakagoverwa gap. Pamusoro pechimiro chemhete, iyo yakajairwa iron poda core maumbirwo zvakare ane E-mhando uye zvitambi. Iyo yakaenzana yemagineti permeability yesimbi poda yepakati ingangoita gumi kusvika 75, uye iyo yakakwira saturation yemagineti flux density ingangoita 15000 Gauss. Pakati pehupfu iron cores, iyo iron poda yepakati ine yakanyanya kurasikirwa nesimbi asi iyo yakaderera mutengo.

Mufananidzo 3 unoratidza BH curves yePC47 manganese-zinc ferrite inogadzirwa neTDK uye poda iron cores -52 uye -2 yakagadzirwa neMICROMETALS; hukama hwemagineti ye manganese-zinc ferrite yakakwirira kwazvo kupfuura iyo yehupfu yesimbi cores uye yakazara Iyo magnetic flux density yakasiyanawo zvikuru, iyo ferrite inenge 5000 Gauss uye iyo iron powder core inopfuura 10000 Gauss.

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Mufananidzo 3. BH curve ye manganese-zinc ferrite uye iron powder cores yezvinhu zvakasiyana.

Muchidimbu, maitiro ekuzara kwesimbi yesimbi akasiyana; kana iyo saturation ikozvino yadarika, iyo magineti yepermeability yeiyo ferrite core inodonha zvakanyanya, nepo iron poda core inogona kuderera zvishoma nezvishoma. Mufananidzo 4 unoratidza magineti ekudonha kudonha maitiro ehupfu iron core ine yakafanana magineti permeability uye ferrite ine gap remhepo pasi pesimba rakasiyana remagineti. Izvi zvinotsanangurawo inductance ye ferrite core, nokuti kupera kunodonha zvakanyanya kana musimboti wakazara, sezvinogona kuonekwa kubva kuequation (1), inokonzerawo kuti inductance idonhe zvakanyanya; nepo hupfu hwepakati neyakagoverwa mhepo gap, iyo magineti permeability Chiyero chinodzikira zvishoma nezvishoma kana musimboti wesimbi wakazara, saka inductance inoderera zvakanyanya zvinyoro, ndiko kuti, ine zvirinani DC bias maitiro. Mukushandiswa kwevashanduri vemagetsi, chimiro ichi chakakosha zvikuru; kana iyo inononoka saturation hunhu hweinductor isiri yakanaka, iyo inductor ikozvino inokwira kusvika kune saturation ikozvino, uye kamwe kamwe kudonhedza inductance kuchaita kuti kushushikana kwazvino kwekristani yekuchinja kusimuke zvakanyanya, izvo zviri nyore kukonzera kukanganisa.

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Mufananidzo 4. Magnetic permeability inodonha maitiro ehupfu iron core uye ferrite iron core ine mhepo gap pasi pesimba rakasiyana remagineti.

Inductor magetsi maitiro uye pasuru chimiro

Paunenge uchigadzira shanduko yekushandura uye kusarudza inductor, iyo inductance kukosha L, impedance Z, AC kuramba ACR uye Q kukosha (mhando yemhando), yakatarwa ikozvino IDC neISAT, uye kurasikirwa kwepakati (kurasikirwa kwepakati) uye mamwe akakosha emagetsi maitiro ese anofanirwa. kufungwa. Uye zvakare, iyo yekurongedza chimiro cheinductor inokanganisa ukuru hweiyo magineti kuvuza, iyo inozokanganisa EMI. Izvi zvinotevera zvichakurukura maitiro ataurwa pamusoro apa zvakasiyana sekufunga kwekusarudza inductors.

1. Inductance value (L)

Iko inductance kukosha kweinductor ndiyo inonyanya kukosha parameter mukugadzirisa dhizaini, asi inofanirwa kuongororwa kuti inductance value yakagadzikana here pairi kushanda frequency. Iko kukosha kwezita kweiyo inductance inowanzoyerwa pa100 kHz kana 1 MHz pasina kunze DC bias. Uye kuti ive nechokwadi chekugona kwekugadzirwa kwemaotomatiki, kushivirira kweinductor kunowanzo ± 20% (M) uye ± 30% (N). Mufananidzo 5 ndiyo inductance-frequency characteristic graph yeTaiyo Yuden inductor NR4018T220M yakayerwa neWayne Kerr's LCR mita. Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo, iyo inductance kukosha curve yakati sandara pamberi pe5 MHz, uye kukosha kweiyo inductance inogona kutorwa seyakagadzikana. Muchikwata chepamusoro chepamusoro nekuda kwe resonance yakagadzirwa neparasitic capacitance uye inductance, inductance value ichawedzera. Iyi resonance frequency inodaidzwa kuti self-resonant frequency (SRF), iyo inowanzoda kunge yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura frequency yekushandisa.

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Mufananidzo 5, Taiyo Yuden NR4018T220M inductance-frequency characteristic measurement diagram

2. Impedance (Z)

Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 6, iyo impedance dhayagiramu inogonawo kuoneka kubva mukuita kweiyo inductance pama frequency akasiyana. Iyo impedance yeinductor inenge yakaenzana neiyo frequency (Z = 2πfL), saka iyo yakakwira frequency, iyo reactance ichave yakakura kupfuura iyo AC kuramba, saka iyo impedance inoita kunge yakachena inductance (chikamu chiri 90˚). Pamafambiro akakwirira, nekuda kweparasitic capacitance effect, iyo self-resonant frequency point ye impedance inogona kuonekwa. Mushure meiyi pfungwa, iyo impedance inodonha uye inova capacitive, uye chikamu chinoshanduka zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika -90 ˚.

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3. Q kukosha uye AC kuramba (ACR)

Q kukosha mune tsananguro ye inductance ndiyo chiyero chekupindura kupikisa, ndiko kuti, chiyero chechikamu chekufungidzira kune chikamu chaicho cheiyo impedance, senge mufomula (2).

(2)

Iko XL ndiko kuita kweinductor, uye RL ndiyo AC kuramba kweinductor.

Mune yakaderera frequency renji, iyo AC inopikisa yakakura kupfuura reactance inokonzerwa neiyo inductance, saka kukosha kwayo kweQ kwakaderera kwazvo; sezvo kuwanda kunowedzera, reactance (inenge 2πfL) inova yakakura uye yakakura, kunyangwe kana kushorwa nekuda kweganda rekuita (skin effect) uye kuswedera (proximity) effect) Mhedzisiro inova yakakura uye yakakura, uye kukosha kweQ kuchiri kuwedzera nefrequency. ; kana ichisvika kuSRF, iyo inductive reactance inodzikiswa zvishoma nezvishoma necapacitive reactance, uye kukosha kweQ zvishoma nezvishoma kunova kudiki; kana iyo SRF ikava zero, nekuti inductive reactance uye capacitive reactance zvakazara zvakafanana Kunyangarika. Mufananidzo 7 unoratidza hukama pakati peQ kukosha uye kuwanda kweNR4018T220M, uye hukama huri muchimiro chebhero rakapindurwa.

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Mufananidzo 7. Hukama huri pakati peQ kukosha uye kuwanda kweTaiyo Yuden inductor NR4018T220M

Mune iyo application frequency bhendi ye inductance, iyo yakakwirira iyo Q kukosha, zviri nani; zvinoreva kuti kuita kwayo kwakakura kudarika AC kuramba. Kazhinji kutaura, iyo yakanakisa Q kukosha iri pamusoro pe40, zvinoreva kuti mhando yeinductor yakanaka. Nekudaro, kazhinji sezvo iyo DC bias inowedzera, kukosha kweiyo inductance kunodzikira uye kukosha kweQ kunodererawo. Kana yakapfava enameled waya kana yakawanda-strand enameled waya ikashandiswa, ganda mhedzisiro, kureva, AC kuramba, inogona kuderedzwa, uye kukosha kweQ kweinductor kunogona zvakare kuwedzerwa.

Iyo DC inopokana DCR inowanzo onekwa sekupokana kweDC kwewaya yemhangura, uye kuramba kunogona kuverengerwa zvinoenderana nedhayamita yewaya uye kureba. Nekudaro, mazhinji eakaderera azvino SMD inductors achashandisa ultrasonic welding kugadzira pepa remhangura reSMD pane inotenderera terminal. Nekudaro, nekuti waya yemhangura haina kureba pakureba uye kukosha kwekupokana hakuna kukwirira, iyo welding inopikisa inowanzo verengera chikamu chakati wandei chekupokana kweDC. Kutora TDK's wire-ronda SMD inductor CLF6045NIT-1R5N semuenzaniso, kuyerwa kweDC kuramba kuri 14.6mΩ, uye DC kuramba kunoverengerwa zvichienderana nedhayamita yewaya uye kureba i12.1mΩ. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti iyi welding yekupokana inokwana 17% yezvese DC kuramba.

AC kuramba ACR ine ganda mhedzisiro uye pedo nemhedzisiro, izvo zvinozoita kuti ACR iwedzere ne frequency; mukushandiswa kwe general inductance, nokuti chikamu che AC chakaderera zvikuru kupfuura chikamu cheDC, simba rinokonzerwa neAACR haisi pachena; asi pamutoro wakareruka, Nekuti chikamu cheDC chakaderedzwa, kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa ne ACR hakugone kufuratirwa. Iyo ganda mhedzisiro inoreva kuti pasi pemamiriro e AC, kugovera kwazvino mukati me conductor hakuna kuenzana uye kwakatarisana pamusoro pewaya, zvichikonzera kudzikiswa kweiyo yakaenzana waya yekuyambuka-sectional nzvimbo, iyo inozowedzera kuenzana kwekupokana kwewaya ne. frequency. Mukuwedzera, mumhepo inotenderera, waya dziri pedyo dzinokonzera kuwedzera uye kubviswa kwemagineti nekuda kwezvino, kuitira kuti ikozvino inonamirwa pamusoro pepamusoro pakatarisana newaya (kana kure kure, zvichienderana nekutungamirirwa kwezvino. ), izvo zvakare zvinokonzeresa yakaenzana waya kubira. Chiitiko chekuti nzvimbo inoderera uye kuenzana kwekudzivirira kunowedzera ndiyo inonzi proximity effect; mune inductance application ye multilayer winding, iyo yepedyo mhedzisiro inotonyanya kuoneka.

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Mufananidzo 8 unoratidza hukama pakati pe AC kuramba uye kuwanda kwewaya-ronda SMD inductor NR4018T220M. Panguva yakawanda ye1kHz, kupikisa kunenge 360mΩ; pa100kHz, kushorwa kunokwira kusvika ku775mΩ; pa10MHz, kukosha kwekupikisa kuri pedyo ne160Ω. Paunenge uchifungidzira kurasikirwa kwemhangura, kuverenga kunofanirwa kufunga nezve ACR inokonzerwa neganda uye pedo nemhedzisiro, uye kuigadzirisa kuita formula (3).

4. Saturation ikozvino (ISAT)

Saturation yazvino ISAT kazhinji ndiyo yakarerekera iripo yamaka kana kukosha kweiyo inductance kwakadzikiswa senge 10%, 30%, kana 40%. Kune air-gap ferrite, nekuti iyo saturation ikozvino hunhu inokurumidza, hapana misiyano yakawanda pakati pe10% ne40%. Tarisa kuMufananidzo 4. Zvisinei, kana iri simbi yehupfu hwesimbi (yakadai se inductor yakadhindwa), iyo saturation curve inenge yakapfava, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 9, iyo inosarura ikozvino pa 10% kana 40% ye inductance attenuation yakawanda. zvakasiyana, saka iyo saturation ikozvino kukosha ichakurukurwa zvakasiyana kune maviri marudzi esimbi cores sezvinotevera.

Kune mhepo-gap ferrite, zvine musoro kushandisa ISAT semuganho wepamusoro weiyo yakanyanya inductor ikozvino yedunhu rekushandisa. Zvisinei, kana iri simbi yehupfu yehupfu, nekuda kwekunonoka kwekuzara kwemaitiro, hapazovi nechinetso kunyange kana huwandu hwemazuva ano hwedunhu rekushanda hunodarika ISAT. Naizvozvo, iyi simbi yepakati hunhu ndiyo inonyanya kukodzera kushandura converter application. Pasi pemutoro unorema, kunyange iyo inductance kukosha kweinductor yakaderera, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 9, ikozvino ripple factor yakakwirira, asi ikozvino capacitor ikozvino kushivirira yakakwirira, saka hazvizove dambudziko. Pasi pemutoro wakajeka, inductance kukosha kweinductor yakakura, iyo inobatsira kuderedza ripple ikozvino yeinductor, nokudaro kuderedza kurasikirwa kwesimbi. Mufananidzo 9 inofananidza iyo saturation ikozvino curve yeTDK's ronda ferrite SLF7055T1R5N uye yakadhindwa simbi poda core inductor SPM6530T1R5M pasi peiyo yakafanana zita kukosha kweiyo inductance.

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Mufananidzo 9. Saturation ikozvino curve yeronda ferrite uye stamped iron poda core pasi peiyo imwechete yezita kukosha kwe inductance.

5. Yakatemerwa ikozvino (IDC)

Iyo IDC kukosha ndeye DC bias kana tembiricha yeinductor yakwira kusvika Tr˚C. Izvo zvinotsanangurwa zvinoratidzawo kukosha kwayo kweDC kuramba RDC pa20˚C. Zvinoenderana neiyo tembiricha coefficient yewaya yemhangura inenge 3,930 ppm, kana tembiricha yeTr ichikwira, kukosha kwayo kuri RDC_Tr = RDC (1+0.00393Tr), uye simba rayo rekushandisa PCU = I2DCxRDC. Uku kurasikirwa kwemhangura kunoputirwa pamusoro peiyo inductor, uye kupisa kwekushisa ΘTH kweinductor kunogona kuverengwa:

(2)

Tafura 2 inoreva pepa re data reTDK VLS6045EX akatevedzana (6.0 × 6.0 × 4.5mm), uye inoverengera kupikisa kwemafuta pakukwira kwekushisa kwe40˚C. Zviripachena, kune inductors yemhando imwechete uye saizi, iyo yakaverengerwa kupisa kupisa kunenge kwakangofanana nekuda kweiyo yakafanana pamusoro pekupisa kupisa nzvimbo; nemamwe mazwi, iyo yakatemerwa ikozvino IDC yeakasiyana inductors inogona kufungidzirwa. Akasiyana akateedzana (mapakeji) einductor ane akasiyana ekupisa kwekupisa. Tafura 3 inofananidza kupikisa kwekupisa kwema inductors eTDK VLS6045EX series (semi-shielded) uye SPM6530 series (yakaumbwa). Iyo yakakura kupikisa kwemafuta, iyo yakakwirira yekukwira kwekushisa inogadzirwa apo inductance inoyerera kuburikidza nemutoro wezvino; kana zvisina kudaro, wepasi.

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Tafura 2. Thermal resistance yeVLS6045EX series inductors pakukwira kwekushisa kwe40˚C.

Inogona kuonekwa kubva paTebhenekeri 3 kuti kunyange kana hukuru hwema inductors hwakafanana, kupikisa kwekushisa kweiyo stamped inductors kwakaderera, ndiko kuti, kupisa kunopisa kuri nani.

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Tafura 3. Kuenzanisa kwekupisa kwekushisa kwepakeji inductors yakasiyana.

6. Kurasikirwa kwepakati

Kurasikirwa kwepakati, kunonzi kurasikirwa kwesimbi, kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekurasikirwa kwemazuva ano uye hysteresis kurasikirwa. Saizi yekurasikirwa kwezvino eddy inonyanya kuenderana nekuti iyo yakakosha zvinhu zviri nyore "kuitisa"; kana iyo conductivity yakakwira, kureva, iyo resistivity yakaderera, iyo eddy ikozvino kurasikirwa kwakakwirira, uye kana resistivity ye ferrite yakakwirira, iyo eddy ikozvino kurasikirwa kwakaderera. Eddy yazvino kurasikirwa inobatanawo ne frequency. Iyo yakakwirira iyo frequency, yakakura iyo eddy yekurasikirwa ikozvino. Naizvozvo, iyo yakakosha zvinhu zvinosarudza iyo yakakodzera yekushanda frequency yepakati. Kazhinji kutaura, iyo frequency yekushanda yesimbi poda core inogona kusvika 1MHz, uye frequency yekushanda yeferrite inogona kusvika 10MHz. Kana iyo frequency yekushanda ichipfuura iyi frequency, iyo eddy ikozvino kurasikirwa ichawedzera nekukurumidza uye iyo iron yepakati tembiricha ichawedzerawo. Nekudaro, nekukurumidza kukura kwesimbi yepakati zvinhu, iron cores ine yakakwirira yekushanda frequency inofanirwa kunge iri pakona.

Imwe simbi kurasikirwa ndiyo hysteresis kurasikirwa, iyo yakaenzana nenzvimbo yakapoteredzwa ne hysteresis curve, iyo yakabatana ne swing amplitude ye AC chikamu chezvino; iyo yakakura iyo AC swing, iyo yakakura kurasikirwa kwehysteresis.

Mudunhu rakaenzana reinductor, chinopikisa chakabatana chakafanana neinductor chinowanzoshandiswa kuratidza kurasikirwa kwesimbi. Kana iyo frequency yakaenzana neSRF, iyo inductive reactance uye capacitive reactance inodzima, uye yakaenzana reactance i zero. Panguva ino, iyo impedance yeinductor yakaenzana nesimbi yekurasikirwa kwesimbi munhevedzano neinopokana nemhepo, uye iyo iron yekurasika kuramba yakakura kwazvo kupfuura inopokana nemhepo, saka Iyo impedance paSRF inenge yakaenzana nesimbi kurasikirwa. Kutora yakaderera-voltage inductor semuenzaniso, yayo kurasikirwa kwesimbi kuramba ndeye 20kΩ. Kana iyo inoshanda yakakosha voltage pamigumo yese yeinductor inofungidzirwa kuva 5V, kurasikirwa kwayo kwesimbi kunosvika 1.25mW, iyo inoratidzawo kuti iyo yakakura kurasika kwesimbi kuramba, zviri nani.

7. Shield chimiro

Iyo yekurongedza chimiro cheferrite inductors inosanganisira isina-yakavharidzirwa, semi-yakadzivirirwa ine magineti glue, uye yakadzivirirwa, uye kune yakakura mhepo gaka mune imwe yadzo. Zviripachena, iyo gap yemhepo ichave nemagnetic leakage, uye mune yakaipisisa kesi, inopindira neyakakomberedza madiki masaini maseketi, kana kana paine magineti padyo, inductance yayo ichashandurwa zvakare. Imwe yekurongedza chimiro ndeye yakadhindwa simbi poda inductor. Sezvo pasina gaka mukati meinductor uye chimiro chemhepo chakasimba, dambudziko rekuparara kwemagineti ishoma. Mufananidzo 10 ndiko kushandiswa kweFFT basa reRTO 1004 oscilloscope kuyera ukuru hwekudonha kwemagineti pa3mm kumusoro uye padivi peiyo inductor yakadhindwa. Tafura 4 inonyora kuenzaniswa kweiyo leakage magineti yeakasiyana mapakeji chimiro inductors. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti non-shielded inductors vane yakanyanya kuoma magineti leakage; akadhindwa inductors ane diki magineti leakage, anoratidza yakanakisa magineti kudzivirira maitiro. . Musiyano muhukuru hwekudonhedza magineti emainductors ezvimiro zviviri izvi ndeye 14dB, inova kashanu.

10

Mufananidzo 10. Hukuru hwekudonha kwemagineti yakayerwa pa 3mm kumusoro uye padivi reiyo inductor yakadhindwa.

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Tafura 4. Kuenzaniswa kweiyo leakage magineti yeakasiyana mapakeji chimiro inductors

8. kubatanidza

Mune mamwe maapplication, dzimwe nguva kune akawanda seti eDC anoshandura paPCB, ayo anowanzo kurongerwa padivi peumwe neumwe, uye iwo anoenderana inductors akarongwawo padivi peumwe neumwe. Kana iwe ukashandisa isina kudzivirirwa kana semi-yakadzivirirwa mhando ine magineti glue Inductors inogona kubatanidzwa pamwe chete kugadzira EMI kupindira. Naizvozvo, kana uchiisa iyo inductor, zvinokurudzirwa kuti utarise polarity yeinductor kutanga, uye ubatanidze nzvimbo yekutanga uye inopeta yemukati meiyo inductor kune inoshandura voltage yeinoshandura, seVSW yebhangi inoshandura, inova nzvimbo inofamba. Iyo yekubuda terminal yakabatana kune inobuda capacitor, inova iyo static point; iyo copper wire winding saka inoumba imwe dhigirii yemagetsi ekudzivirira munda. Mukugadzirisa wiring ye multiplexer, kugadzirisa polarity ye inductance kunobatsira kugadzirisa hukuru hwekubatanidza inductance uye kudzivisa zvimwe zvisingatarisirwi EMI matambudziko.

Applications:

Chitsauko chakapfuura chakakurukura nezvepakati zvinhu, pasuru chimiro, uye akakosha emagetsi maitiro einductor. Ichi chitsauko chinotsanangura nzira yekusarudza yakakodzera inductance kukosha kweiyo buck converter uye kufunga kwekusarudza inotengeswa inductor.

Sezvinoratidzwa mu equation (5), kukosha kweinductor uye kuchinja kwekushandura kwekushandura kuchakanganisa inductor ripple current (ΔiL). Iyo inductor ripple ikozvino inoyerera kuburikidza neinobuda capacitor uye inokanganisa ripple ikozvino yeinobuda capacitor. Naizvozvo, zvinokanganisa kusarudzwa kweiyo inobuda capacitor uye inowedzera kukanganisa saizi yeripple yemhepo inobuda. Uyezve, iyo inductance kukosha uye inobuda capacitance kukosha ichakanganisawo mhinduro yedhizaini yehurongwa uye mhinduro ine simba yemutoro. Kusarudza yakakura inductance kukosha kune kushoma kwazvino kushushikana pane capacitor, uye zvakare kunobatsira kudzikisa inobuda voltage ripple uye inogona kuchengetedza rakawanda simba. Nekudaro, iyo yakakura inductance kukosha inoratidza vhoriyamu yakakura, ndiko kuti, mutengo wakakwira. Nokudaro, pakugadzira shanduko, dhizaini ye inductance value inokosha zvikuru.

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Zvinogona kuoneka kubva kuformula (5) kuti kana gap riri pakati peiyo voltage yekupinza uye inobuda voltage yakakura, iyo inductor ripple current ichave yakakura, inova ndiyo yakaipisisa mamiriro eiyo inductor dhizaini. Yakabatanidzwa nekumwe inductive ongororo, iyo inductance dhizaini poindi yekutsika-pasi inoshandura inofanirwa kusarudzwa pasi pemamiriro eiyo yakanyanya kupinza voltage uye yakazara yakazara.

Paunenge uchigadzira inductance value, zvakakosha kuita kutengeserana pakati peinductor ripple current uye inductor size, uye ripple current factor (ripple current factor; γ) inotsanangurwa pano, semufomu (6).

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Kutsiva fomula (6) kuita fomula (5), kukosha kweiyo inductance kunogona kuratidzwa sefomula (7).

(7)

Zvinoenderana neformula (7), kana mutsauko pakati peiyo yekupinza uye yekubuda voltage yakakura, iyo γ kukosha inogona kusarudzwa yakakura; pane zvinopesana, kana iyo yekupinza uye yekubuda voltage iri padyo, iyo γ kukosha dhizaini inofanira kunge iri diki. Kuti usarudze pakati peiyo inductor ripple ikozvino uye saizi, zvinoenderana neyakajairwa dhizaini ruzivo kukosha, γ inowanzo 0.2 kusvika 0.5. Izvi zvinotevera kutora RT7276 semuenzaniso kuratidza kuverengerwa kweinductance uye kusarudzwa kwemainductors anowanikwa mune zvekutengesa.

Dhizaini muenzaniso: Yakagadzirwa iine RT7276 yepamusoro inogara pa-nguva (Advanced Constant On-Time; ACOTTM) synchronous rectification step-down converter, switching frequency is 700 kHz, the input voltage is 4.5V to 18V, and the output voltage is 1.05V . Iyo yakazara mutoro ikozvino 3A. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kukosha kweiyo inductance kunofanirwa kugadzirwa pasi pemamiriro eiyo yakanyanya kupinza voltage ye18V uye mutoro uzere we3A, kukosha kweγ kunotorwa se0.35, uye kukosha kwepamusoro kunotsiviwa muequation (7), iyo inductance. value is

Shandisa inductor ine yakajairika zita inductance kukosha kwe1.5 µH. Kutsiva fomula (5) kuverenga iyo inductor ripple current sezvinotevera.

Naizvozvo, iyo peak ikozvino yeinductor ndeye

Uye kukosha kunoshanda kweiyo inductor ikozvino (IRMS) ndeye

Nekuti iyo inductor ripple chikamu idiki, kukosha kunoshanda kweiyo inductor ikozvino kunonyanya kukosha kwayo DC chikamu, uye iyi inoshanda kukosha inoshandiswa sehwaro hwekusarudza iyo inductor yakatarwa ikozvino IDC. Iine 80% derating (derating) dhizaini, izvo zvinodiwa inductance ndezvi:

L = 1.5 µH (100 kHz), IDC = 3.77 A, ISAT = 4.34 A

Tafura 5 inonyora iyo inowanikwa inductors yeakasiyana akateedzana eTDK, akafanana muhukuru asi akasiyana mupakeji chimiro. Inogona kuonekwa kubva patafura kuti saturation ikozvino uye yakarongwa ikozvino yeinductor yakadhindwa (SPM6530T-1R5M) yakakura, uye kupisa kwekushisa kuduku uye kupisa kwekushisa kwakanaka. Mukuwedzera, maererano nehurukuro muchitsauko chakapfuura, iyo yakakosha yeinductor yakadhindwa isimbi poda core, saka inofananidzwa neiyo ferrite core ye semi-shielded (VLS6045EX-1R5N) uye shielded (SLF7055T-1R5N) inductors. ine magnetic glue. , Iine yakanaka DC inorerekera maitiro. Mufananidzo 11 unoratidza kuenzanisa kwehunyanzvi hweakasiyana inductors akaiswa kune RT7276 yepamusoro inogara pane-nguva synchronous rectification nhanho-pasi inoshandura. Zvigumisiro zvinoratidza kuti mutsauko wekushanda pakati pevatatu hauna kukosha. Kana iwe uchifunga nezvekupisa kupisa, DC bias maitiro uye magineti disipation nyaya, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa SPM6530T-1R5M inductors.

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Tafura 5. Kuenzanisa kwe inductances yemhando dzakasiyana dzeTDK

11

Mufananidzo 11. Kuenzanisa kwekushandura kushandiswa nemainductors akasiyana

Kana ukasarudza imwechete pasuru chimiro uye inductance kukosha, asi diki saizi inductors, senge SPM4015T-1R5M (4.4 × 4.1 × 1.5mm), kunyangwe saizi yayo idiki, asi iyo DC inopokana RDC (44.5mΩ) uye kupisa kwekushisa ΘTH ( 51˚C) /W) Zvikuru. Kune vashanduri vezvakatsanangurwa zvakafanana, kukosha kunoshanda kwezvino kushivirirwa neinductor zvakare kwakafanana. Zviripachena, iyo DC kuramba inoderedza kushanda zvakanaka pasi pemutoro unorema. Mukuwedzera, kupikisa kukuru kwekushisa kunoreva kusapisa kupisa. Nokudaro, pakusarudza inductor, hazvidikanwi chete kufunga nezvekubatsira kwekukura kwakaderedzwa, asiwo kuongorora kukanganisa kwayo kunofambidzana.

Mukupedzisa

Inductance ndechimwe chezvinowanzo shandiswa passive zvikamu mukuchinja magetsi ekushandura, ayo anogona kushandiswa kuchengetedza simba uye kusefa. Nekudaro, mudhizaini yedunhu, haisi iyo inductance kukosha chete inoda kutariswa, asi mamwe ma paramita anosanganisira AC kuramba uye Q kukosha, kushivirira kwazvino, iron core saturation, uye package chimiro, nezvimwe, ese maparamita anofanirwa. inotariswa pakusarudza inductor. . Aya ma paramita anowanzo hukama kune yakakosha zvinhu, maitiro ekugadzira, uye saizi uye mutengo. Naizvozvo, chinyorwa ichi chinosuma hunhu hweakasiyana simbi simbi zvinhu uye nzira yekusarudza yakakodzera inductance sereferensi yekugadzira magetsi ekugadzira.