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Kuwedzera uye kutsika-kupisa kudhinda maitiro kunogona kubatanidza zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvakasiyana-siyana zvinopedza simba uye zvinopedza simba pane zvinochinjika substrates pamutengo wakaderera.Zvisinei, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi akazara emagetsi kubva mumidziyo iyi kazhinji kunoda magetsi emagetsi kuti ashandure pakati peakasiyana-siyana anoshanda voltages the devices.Passive components-inductors, capacitors, and resistors-kuita mabasa akadai sesefa, kuchengetedza simba kwenguva pfupi, uye kuyera kwemagetsi, izvo zvinokosha mumagetsi emagetsi uye mamwe akawanda maapplication.Muchinyorwa chino, tinosuma inductors, capacitors, resistors uye RLC matunhu sikirini-akadhindwa pamusoro flexible epurasitiki substrates, uye rondedzera magadzirirwo muitiro kuderedza akatevedzana kuramba inductors kuti vagone kushandiswa musimba zvemagetsi midziyo .The rakadhindwa inductor uye resistor zvobva zvabatanidzwa mune boost regulator circuit.Manufacture ye organic light-emitting diodes uye inochinjika lithium-ion mabhatiri. Voltage regulators anoshandiswa kusimbisa madhiodhi kubva mubhatiri, achiratidza kugona kweakadhindwa maficha ekutsiva echinyakare pamusoro penzvimbo yekumisikidza zvikamu muDC-DC converter application.
Mumakore achangopfuura, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogadziriswa muzvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinopfeka uye zvakakura uye Internet yeZvinhu1,2 yakagadziridzwa.Izvi zvinosanganisira zvigadzirwa zvekukohwa simba, zvakadai se photovoltaic 3, piezoelectric 4, uye thermoelectric 5; midziyo yekuchengetedza simba, semabhatiri 6, 7; uye midziyo inopedza simba, yakadai se sensors 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, uye chiedza 13.Kunyange zvazvo kufambira mberi kukuru kwakaitwa mumagetsi ega ega uye mitoro, kubatanidza zvikamu izvi mumagetsi akazara anowanzoda magetsi emagetsi kukurira chero kusapindirana pakati pemafambiro ekupa magetsi uye kurodha zvinodiwa.Semuyenzaniso, bhatiri rinogadzira vhezheni yakasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo yairi kuchajwa.Kana mutoro wacho uchida mhepo isingaperi, kana kuti yakakwirira kudarika simba rinogona kubudiswa nebhatiri, magetsi emagetsi anodiwa. .Magetsi emagetsi anoshandisa zvikamu zvinoshanda (transistors) kuita shanduko uye kutonga mabasa, pamwe chete nezvikamu (inductors, capacitors, uye resistors) .Semuyenzaniso, mune inoshandura regulator circuit, inductor inoshandiswa kuchengetedza simba panguva imwe neimwe yekushandura. , capacitor inoshandiswa kuderedza voltage ripple, uye kuyerwa kwevoltage kunodiwa pakudzora mhinduro kunoitwa uchishandisa resistor divider.
Zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvemagetsi zvakakodzerwa nemidziyo inopfekeka (senge pulse oximeter 9) inoda akati wandei ma volts uye akati wandei milliamp, inowanzo shanda muhuwandu hwemazana ekHz kusvika akati wandei MHz, uye inoda akati wandei μH uye akati wandei μH inductance uye Iyo capacitance μF ndeye. 14 zvakateerana.Nzira yechinyakare yekugadzira matunhu aya ndeye solder discrete components kune rigid rakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi (PCB) .Kunyange zvazvo zvinoshingaira zvikamu zvemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi zvinowanzobatanidzwa mune imwechete silicon integrated circuit (IC), passive components zvinowanzoitwa. zvekunze, kungave kubvumira masekete etsika, kana nekuti inodiwa inductance uye capacitance yakakura kwazvo kuti ishandiswe musilicon .
Kuenzaniswa neyechinyakare PCB-yakavakirwa kugadzira tekinoroji, kugadzirwa kwemidziyo yemagetsi uye maseketi kuburikidza nekuwedzera kudhinda maitiro kune akawanda mabhenefiti maererano nekureruka uye mutengo.Chekutanga, sezvo akawanda zvikamu zvedunhu zvinoda zvinhu zvakafanana, senge simbi kune vanobatika. uye kupindirana, kudhinda kunobvumira zvikamu zvakawanda kuti zvigadzirwe panguva imwe chete, zvine zvishoma zvishoma zvekugadzirisa matanho uye zvishoma zvinyorwa zvezvinhu15.Kushandiswa kwemaitiro ekuwedzera kutsiva maitiro ekubvisa akadai se photolithography uye etching inowedzera kuderedza kuoma kwemaitiro uye tsvina yezvinhu16, 17, 18, uye 19. Uyezve, kutonhora kwakadzika kunoshandiswa mukudhinda kunopindirana nekugadzirisa uye kusingadhuri kwepurasitiki substrates, kubvumira kushandiswa kwepamusoro-speed roll-to-roll kugadzira maitiro ekuvhara zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi 16, 20 pamusoro penzvimbo huru. izvo zvisingakwanisi kunyatsozadzikiswa nezvikamu zvakadhindwa, nzira dzakasanganiswa dzakagadzirwa umo michina yemhando yepamusoro (SMT) yakabatana kune inochinjika substrates 21, 22, 23 padivi pezvakadhindwa zvinoridzika pakudziya kwakaderera. zvakakosha kutsiva zvikamu zvakawanda zveSMT sezvinobvira nemamwe akadhindwa kuti awane mabhenefiti emamwe maitiro uye kuwedzera kuchinjika kwese kwedunhu.Kuitira kuona flexible magetsi emagetsi, takakurudzira musanganiswa weSMT inoshanda zvikamu uye skrini-yakadhindwa passive. components, nekunyanya kukoshesa kutsiva bulky SMT inductors ne planar spiral inductors.Pakati pematekinoroji akasiyana-siyana ekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvakadhindwa, kudhinda kwescreen kunonyanya kukodzera zvikamu zvepasi nekuda kwehukuru hwayo hwefirimu (izvo zvinodiwa kuderedza kutevedzana kwekupokana kwezvinhu zvesimbi. ) uye kumhanya kukuru kwekudhinda, kunyangwe uchivhara nzvimbo dzine mwero wemasentimita Ndizvo zvimwe chetezvo dzimwe nguva.Chinyorwa 24.
Kurasikirwa kwepasi pezvikamu zvemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi kunofanira kuderedzwa, nokuti kushanda kwedunhu kunobata zvakananga kuwanda kwesimba rinodiwa kuti rigadzirise system.Izvi zvinonyanya kuoma kune akadhindwa inductors anoumbwa nemakoiri akareba, ayo naizvozvo anotarirwa nepamusoro-soro. Naizvozvo, kunyangwe kumwe kuedza kwakaitwa kuderedza kushomeka 25, 26, 27, 28 yemakoiri akadhindwa, pachine kushaikwa kwepamusoro-kunyatso kudhindwa kwakadhindwa zvikamu zvemagetsi emagetsi. zvikamu pazvinochinjika substrates zvakagadzirirwa kushanda mumaresonant maseketi eredhiyo frequency identification (RFID) kana simba rekukohwa zvinangwa 10, 12, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31. Zvimwe zvinotarisa pane zvinhu kana kugadzira maitiro ekugadzira uye kuratidza mageneric zvikamu. 26, 32, 33, 34 iyo isina kugadziridzwa kune chaiwo maapplication.Mukupesana, magetsi emagetsi maseketi akadai semagetsi regulator anowanzo shandisa zvikamu zvakakura kupfuura zvakajairwa zvakadhindwa zvigadziriso uye hazvidi resonance, saka akasiyana echikamu magadzirirwo anodiwa.
Pano, isu tinosuma dhizaini uye optimization yescreen-yakadhindwa inductors mu μH renji kuti tiwane diki diki reti kuramba uye kushanda kwepamusoro pama frequency ane chekuita nemagetsi emagetsi.Screen-yakadhindwa inductors, capacitors, uye resistors ane akasiyana echikamu kukosha anogadzirwa. pane flexible plastic substrates.Kukodzera kwezvikamu izvi zvezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinogadziriswa zvakatanga kuratidzwa muRLC circuit yakapfava.Inductor yakadhindwa uye resistor inobva yabatanidzwa neIC kuti iite boost regulator.Pakupedzisira, organic light-emitting diode (OLED). ) uye bhatiri re lithium-ion rinogadziriswa rinogadzirwa, uye regulator yemagetsi inoshandiswa kusimbisa OLED kubva mubhatiri.
Kuti tigadzire akadhindwa inductors emagetsi emagetsi, isu takatanga kufanotaura inductance uye DC kuramba kweakatevedzana einductor geometries zvichibva pane yazvino pepa modhi yakatsanangurwa muna Mohan et al. 35, uye yakagadzirwa inductors yejometri yakasiyana-siyana kusimbisa Kururama kwemuenzaniso.Mubasa iri, chimiro chedenderedzwa chakasarudzwa kune inductor nokuti inductance yepamusoro 36 inogona kuwanikwa nekudzivirira kwepasi kana ichienzaniswa nepolygonal geometry.Kufuridzirwa kweinki. mhando uye nhamba yemadhindiro ekudhinda pakuramba inotarwa.Idzi mhedzisiro dzakabva dzashandiswa neammeter modhi kugadzira 4.7 μH uye 7.8 μH inductors yakagadziridzwa kuti iite kushoma DC kuramba.
Iyo inductance uye DC kushorwa kwe spiral inductors inogona kutsanangurwa neyakasiyana paramita: yekunze dhayamita ita, shandura hupamhi w uye spacing s, nhamba yekutendeuka n, uye conductor sheet kuramba Rsheet.Mufananidzo 1a unoratidza mufananidzo wesiriki-skrini yakadhindwa denderedzwa inductor. ine n = 12, ichiratidza geometric parameters inosarudza inductance yayo.Maererano nemuenzaniso wemamita waMohan et al. 35, iyo inductance inoverengerwa nhevedzano yeinductor geometries, kupi
(a) Mufananidzo wescreen-yakadhindwa inductor inoratidza geometric parameters.Kureba i3 cm.Inductance (b) uye DC resistance (c) yemainductor geometries akasiyana-siyana.Mitsetse nemaki anofambirana neakaverengerwa uye kuyerwa kukosha, zvichiteerana. (d,e) The DC resistances of inductors L1 uye L2 inodhindwa skrini neDupont 5028 uye 5064H sirivheri ingi, zvichiteerana.(f,g) SEM micrographs yemafirimu skrini yakadhindwa neDupont 5028 uye 5064H, zvichiteerana.
Pamafambiro akakwirira, maitiro eganda uye parasitic capacitance ichashandura kupikisa uye inductance yeinductor maererano neDC value yayo.Inductor inotarisirwa kushanda panguva yakaderera yakaderera zvokuti izvi zvinokanganisa hazvina basa, uye chigadziro chinoita sechinhu chinogara chichigadziriswa. nekuramba kupikisa munhevedzano.Naizvozvo, mubasa iri, takaongorora hukama huripo pakati pe geometric parameters, inductance, uye DC resistance, uye takashandisa migumisiro kuti tiwane inductance yakapiwa nediki duku reDC.
Inductance uye kushorwa kunoverengerwa kune akatevedzana ejometri parameters anogona kuwanikwa nekudhindwa kwescreen, uye zvinotarisirwa kuti inductance mu μH range ichagadzirwa.Madhayamita ekunze e3 ne5 cm, mutsara wakafara we500 uye 1000 microns. , uye kutendeuka kwakasiyana-siyana kunofananidzwa.Muchiverengero, inofungidzirwa kuti shizha rekudzivirira i47 mΩ/ □, iyo inoenderana ne7 μm gobvu Dupont 5028 sirivheri microflake conductor layer yakadhindwa ne 400 mesh skrini uye kuseta w = s.The yakaverengerwa inductance uye kupikisa kukosha kunoratidzwa muFigure 1b uye c, zvichiteerana.Muenzanisi unofanotaura kuti zvese inductance uye kuramba kunowedzera sezvo dhayamita rekunze uye nhamba yekutendeuka ichiwedzera, kana sezvo mutsara wakafara uchiderera.
Kuti uongorore huchokwadi hwekufungidzira kwemuenzaniso, inductors emhando dzakasiyana dzejometri uye inductances dzakagadzirwa pane polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. Iyo yakayerwa inductance uye kuramba kukosha inoratidzwa muFigure 1b uye c.Kunyangwe kuramba kwakaratidza kumwe kutsauka kubva iyo inotarisirwa kukosha, kunyanya nekuda kwekuchinja kwehukobvu uye kufanana kweinki yakaiswa, inductance yakaratidza kubvumirana kwakanaka kwazvo nemuenzaniso.
Mhedzisiro iyi inogona kushandiswa kugadzira inductor ine inodiwa inductance uye shoma DC kuramba.Somuenzaniso, ngatiti inductance ye2 μH inodiwa.Mufananidzo 1b unoratidza kuti inductance iyi inogona kuitika nekunze kwe 3 cm, mutsara wakafara. ye500 μm, uye 10 kutendeuka. Iyo inductance yakafanana inogonawo kugadzirwa uchishandisa 5 cm kunze kwedhayamita, 500 μm mutsara wakafara uye 5 kutendeuka kana 1000 μm mutsara upamhi uye 7 kutendeuka (sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo). zvinogoneka geometries muna Figure 1c, zvinogona kuwanikwa kuti yakaderera kuramba 5 masendimita inductor ane mutsara upamhi 1000 μm iri 34 Ω, iyo inenge 40% yakaderera pane mamwe maviri. The general design muitiro kuwana akapiwa inductance. nekushongedzwa kushoma kunopfupikiswa sezvizvi: Kutanga, sarudza iyo yakanyanya kubvumidzwa dhayamita yekunze zvichienderana nenzvimbo yezvipingamupinyi zvakaiswa neapplication.Zvino, upamhi hwemutsara hunofanira kunge hwakakura sezvinobvira uchiri kuwana inductance inodiwa kuti uwane chiyero chekuzadza chakakwira. (Equation (3)).
Nokuwedzera ukobvu kana kushandisa chinhu chine yakakwirira conductivity kuderedza shizha kuramba kwesimbi firimu, iyo DC kuramba inogona kuderedzwa pasina kukanganisa inductance.Two inductors, ayo geometric parameters anopiwa Tafura 1, inonzi L1 uye L2, inogadzirwa nenhamba dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipfeko kuti zviongorore kushanduka kwekupikisa.Sezvo nhamba yezviputi zveinki inowedzera, kushorwa kunoderera zvakaenzana sezvinotarisirwa, sezvinoratidzwa muMifananidzo 1d uye e, iyo inductors L1 uye L2, maererano.Mifananidzo 1d uye e. ratidza kuti nekushandisa 6 mapeji ekuputira, kushorwa kunogona kuderedzwa kusvika ku6 nguva, uye kuderera kwakanyanya kwekudzivirira (50-65%) kunoitika pakati peiyo 1 uye layer 2. Sezvo imwe neimwe yeingi yakaonda, a sikirini ine diki grid saizi (400 mitsetse pa inch) inoshandiswa kudhinda aya inductors, izvo zvinotibvumira kudzidza mhedzisiro yeconductor ukobvu pakupokana. Chero bedzi maitiro epateni anoramba akakura kupfuura diki resolution yegridi, a Ukobvu hwakafanana (uye kushorwa) hunogona kuwanikwa nekukurumidza nekudhinda nhamba diki yejasi ine yakakura grid size.Iyi nzira inogona kushandiswa kuwana imwechete DC kushorwa seiyo 6-coated inductor inokurukurwa pano, asi ine kukurumidza kugadzirwa kwepamusoro.
Mifananidzo 1d uye e inoratidzawo kuti nekushandisa iyo yakawanda conductive silver flake inki DuPont 5064H, kushorwa kunoderedzwa nechikamu cheviri.Kubva kuSEM micrographs yemafirimu akadhindwa neingi mbiri (Mufananidzo 1f, g), inogona kuva akaona kuti yakaderera conductivity yeinki 5028 imhaka yehukuru hwayo diki uye kuvapo kwevazhinji voids pakati pezvikamu zviri mufirimu rakadhindwa.Kune rumwe rutivi, 5064H ine maflakes makuru, akanyatsorongeka, zvichiita kuti zviite pedyo nehuwandu. sirivha.Kunyange zvazvo iyo firimu inogadzirwa neiyi inki yakaonda kupfuura inki 5028, ine chidimbu chimwe chete che 4 μm uye 6 zvidimbu zve 22 μm, kuwedzera kwekutengesa kunokwana kuderedza kupikisa kwese.
Pakupedzisira, kunyange zvazvo inductance (equation (1)) inoenderana nehuwandu hwekutendeuka (w + s), kupikisa (equation (5)) kunoenderana chete nehupamhi hwemutsara w.Naizvozvo, nekuwedzera w maererano ne s, kupikisa inogona kuwedzera kuderedzwa.Iwo maviri ekuwedzera inductors L3 uye L4 akagadzirirwa kuva w = 2s uye yakakura yekunze dhayamita, sezvinoratidzwa muTebhurari 1.Idzi inductors dzinogadzirwa ne 6 layers yeDuPont 5064H coating, sezvakaratidzwa kare, kuti ipe Kuita kwepamusoro-soro.Inductance yeL3 ndeye 4.720 ± 0.002 μH uye kuramba ndeye 4.9 ± 0.1 Ω, nepo inductance yeL4 iri 7.839 ± 0.005 μH uye 6.9 ± 0.1 Ω, izvo zviri muchibvumirano chakanaka nekufanotaura. kuwedzera kwehupamhi, conductivity, uye w / s, izvi zvinoreva kuti chiyero cheL / R chakawedzera nekupfuura kurongeka kwehukuru hunoenderana nekukosha kwemufananidzo 1.
Kunyangwe kuderera kweDC kuramba kuchivimbisa, kuongorora kukodzera kwemainductors emagetsi emagetsi ekushandisa mu kHz-MHz renji kunoda chimiro pa AC frequencies.Mufananidzo 2a unoratidza kutsamira kwefrequency yekupikisa uye kuita kweL3 neL4.Kune mafrequency ari pasi pe10 MHz , kupikisa kunoramba kuripo kunoramba kuripo paDC value yayo, nepo reactance inowedzera mutsara ne frequency, izvo zvinoreva kuti inductance inogara sezvaitarisirwa.Iyo-self-resonant frequency inotsanangurwa senguva yakawanda iyo impedance inoshanduka kubva kune inductive kusvika kune capacitive, ne L3 kuva 35.6 ± 0.3 MHz uye L4 iri 24.3 ± 0.6 MHz. Kutsamira kwehuwandu hwemhando yemhando Q (yakaenzana ne ωL/R) inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2b.L3 uye L4 inowana huwandu hwehutano hwe35 ± 1 uye 33 ± 1. pafrequencies ye 11 ne 16 MHz, zvichiteerana.The inductance of a few μH uye Q yakati wandei paMHz frequencies inoita kuti inductors idzi dzikwane kutsiva zvechinyakare pamusoro-mount inductors mu-low-power DC-DC converters.
Iyo yakayerwa kuramba R uye reactance X (a) uye mhando factor Q (b) yemainductors L3 neL4 ine hukama ne frequency.
Kuti uderedze tsoka inodiwa kune yakapihwa capacitance, zviri nani kushandisa capacitor tekinoroji ine yakakura chaiyo capacitance, iyo yakaenzana neiyo dielectric inogara ε yakakamurwa nekukora kweiyo dielectric.Mubasa iri, takasarudza barium titanate composite. se dielectric nokuti ine epsilon yakakwirira kupfuura imwe sarudzo-yakagadziriswa organic dielectrics.Iyo dielectric layer inodhindwa pakati pemasikirini maviri esirivha kuti iite metal-dielectric-metal structure.Capacitors ane hukuru hwakasiyana-siyana mumasendimita, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 3a. , inogadzirwa uchishandisa mapeji maviri kana matatu e dielectric inki kuchengetedza goho rakanaka.Mufananidzo 3b unoratidza muchinjikwa-sectional SEM micrograph yemumiriri we capacitor yakagadzirwa nezvikamu zviviri zve dielectric, ine dielectric yakazara ye21 μm. iine imwe-layer uye matanhatu-layer 5064H maererano.Micron-sized barium titanate particles inoonekwa mumufananidzo weSEM nokuti nzvimbo dzakajeka dzakapoteredzwa nerima organic binder.Ink dielectric inonyorovesa pasi electrode zvakanaka uye inoumba chimiro chakajeka ne firimu resimbi rakadhindwa, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo nehukuru hwepamusoro.
(a) Mufananidzo wecapacitor ine nzvimbo shanu dzakasiyana.(b) Cross-sectional SEM micrograph ye capacitor ine ma layer maviri e dielectric, ichiratidza barium titanate dielectric and silver electrodes.(c) Capacitances of capacitor with 2 and 3 barium titanate. dielectric layers uye nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakayerwa pa1 MHz. (d) Ukama huri pakati pe capacitance, ESR, uye kurasikirwa kwechikamu che 2.25 cm2 capacitor ne 2 zvidimbu zve dielectric coatings uye frequency.
Iyo capacitance inoenderana nenzvimbo inotarisirwa. Sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3c, iyo chaiyo capacitance ye-aviri-layer dielectric ndeye 0.53 nF / cm2, uye iyo chaiyo capacitance ye-3-layer dielectric ndeye 0.33 nF / cm2. Aya maitiro anowirirana ne dielectric constant ye13. capacitance uye dissipation factor (DF) yakayerwawo pane zvakasiyana-siyana, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 3d, ye 2.25 cm2 capacitor ine zvikamu zviviri zve dielectric. kubva pa1 kusvika ku10 MHz, ichiri muchikamu chimwe chete, DF yakawedzera kubva pa 0.013 kusvika 0.023.Sezvo chinhu chinoparadza chiri chiyero chekurasikirwa kwesimba kune simba rinochengetwa mune imwe neimwe AC cycle, DF ye0.02 inoreva kuti 2% yesimba rinobatwa. ne capacitor inopedzwa.Kurasikirwa uku kunowanzoratidzwa se-frequency-dependent equivalent series resistance (ESR) yakabatanidzwa munhevedzano ne capacitor, iyo yakaenzana neDF / ωC.Sezvinoratidzwa muFigure 3d, nokuda kwemafrequencies makuru kupfuura 1 MHz, ESR yakaderera pane 1.5 Ω, uye kune mafrequency anopfuura 4 MHz, ESR yakaderera pane 0.5 Ω.Kunyangwe uchishandisa iyi capacitor tekinoroji, iyo μF-class capacitor inodiwa kune DC-DC converters inoda nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo, asi iyo 100 pF- nF capacitance range uye kurasikirwa kwakaderera kweaya capacitors anoita kuti ave akakodzera kune mamwe maapplication, akadai semafirita uye resonant circuits .Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogona kushandiswa kuwedzera capacitance.Kuwedzera dielectric nguva dzose kunowedzera iyo chaiyo capacitance 37; somuenzaniso, izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekuwedzera kusanganiswa kwe barium titanate particles mu inki.Idiki dielectric thickness inogona kushandiswa, kunyange izvi zvinoda pasi electrode ine yakaderera roughness kupfuura screen-yakadhindwa sirivha flake.Mutete, yakaderera roughness capacitor. zvidimbu zvinogona kuiswa ne inkjet kudhinda 31 kana gravure kudhinda 10, iyo inogona kusanganiswa nechirongwa chekudhinda chinyorwa.Pakupedzisira, akawanda alternating layers esimbi uye dielectric anogona kuiswa uye kudhindwa uye akabatanidzwa mukufanana, nokudaro kuwedzera capacitance 34 per unit area. .
Voltage divider inoumbwa nepeya yezvidziviriro inowanzo shandiswa kuita chiyero chemagetsi chinodiwa pamhinduro yekutonga kwevoltage regulator.Kurudzi urwu rwemashandisirwo, kuramba kweanodhindwa resistor kunofanirwa kunge kuri muchikamu che kΩ-MΩ, uye mutsauko uripo pakati. midziyo yacho idiki.Pano, zvakaonekwa kuti shizha rinopesana ne-single-layer screen-yakadhindwa kabhoni inki yaive 900 Ω/ □.Ruzivo urwu runoshandiswa kugadzira maviri mutsara resistors (R1 uye R2) uye nyoka resistor (R3). ) ine mazita ekupikisa kwe10 kΩ, 100 kΩ, uye 1.5 MΩ.Kupikisa pakati pezviyero zvezita kunowanikwa nekudhinda maviri kana matatu mapeji einki, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 4, uye mapikicha ezvipikiso zvitatu.Ita 8- 12 mienzaniso yemhando imwe neimwe; muzviitiko zvose, kutsauka kwemaitiro ekupikisa ndeye 10% kana zvishoma.Kupikisa kushanduka kwemasampuli nezvikamu zviviri kana zvitatu zvekuputira zvinowanzoita zviduku zvishoma pane zvemasampuli ane rumwe rutivi rwekuvhara. uye chibvumirano chepedyo nehuwandu hwezita chinoratidza kuti zvimwe zvinopesana mumutsara uyu zvinogona kuwanikwa zvakananga nekugadzirisa resistor geometry.
Matatu akasiyana ejiometri ane nhamba dzakasiyana dzekabhoni resistive ink coatings.Mapikicha ezvipokisi zvitatu anoratidzwa kurudyi.
Maseketi eRLC ndiwo emhando yepamusoro emabhuku emhando yeresistor, inductor, uye capacitor musanganiswa anoshandiswa kuratidza uye kuona hunhu hwezvinhu zvisingaite zvakabatanidzwa mumaseketi akadhindwa chaiwo. 25 kΩ resistor yakabatana pamwe chete navo. Mufananidzo weiyo flexible circuit inoratidzwa mumufananidzo 5a. Chikonzero chekusarudza iyi yakakosha mutsara-yakafanana musanganiswa ndeyekuti maitiro ayo anotarirwa nechimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvitatu zvakasiyana zvakasiyana-siyana, kuitira kuti kushanda kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe kunogona kujekeswa uye kuongororwa.Tichifunga nezve 7 Ω series kushorwa kweinductor uye 1.3 Ω ESR ye capacitor, iyo inotarisirwa frequency mhinduro yedunhu yakaverengwa.Dhidhiyo yedunhu inoratidzwa mumufananidzo 5b, uye yakaverengwa. impedance amplitude uye chikamu uye zviyero zvakayerwa zvinoratidzwa muFigure 5c uye d.Panguva yakaderera, iyo yakakwira impedance ye capacitor inoreva kuti maitiro edunhu anotemerwa ne25 kΩ resistor. Sezvo frequency inowedzera, iyo impedance iyo LC nzira inoderera; iyo yese yedunhu maitiro ine capacitive kusvika iyo resonant frequency iri 2.0 MHz. Pamusoro peiyo resonance frequency, iyo inductive impedance inotonga.Mufananidzo 5 unoratidza zvakajeka chibvumirano chakanakisa pakati peakaverengerwa uye akayerwa kukosha pane yese frequency range.Izvi zvinoreva kuti modhi yakashandiswa pano (apo inductors uye capacitor ari akakodzera zvikamu zvine akateedzana kuramba) ndeyechokwadi yekufanotaura maitiro edunhu pane aya mafrequency.
A ,d) Iyo impedance amplitude (c) uye chikamu (d) chedunhu.
Pakupedzisira, inductors yakadhindwa uye resistors inoshandiswa mukusimudzira regulator.Iyo IC inoshandiswa mukuratidzwa uku ndeye Microchip MCP1640B14, iyo inonzi PWM-based synchronous boost regulator ine nguva yekushanda ye500 kHz. 4.7 μH inductor uye maviri capacitor (4.7 μF uye 10 μF) anoshandiswa sezvinhu zvekuchengetedza simba, uye peya yezvidziviriro inoshandiswa kuyera kubuda kwemagetsi ekutonga kwemhinduro.Sarudza kukosha kwekupikisa kugadzirisa magetsi ekubuda kusvika ku5 V. Dunhu rinogadzirwa paPCB, uye kushanda kwayo kunoyerwa mukati mekudzivirira kwemutoro uye iyo inopinza voltage range ye3 kusvika 4 V kutevedzera lithium-ion bhatiri munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekuchaja.Kushanda kweakadhindwa inductors uye resistors inofananidzwa kushanda zvakanaka kweSMT inductors uye resistors.SMT capacitors anoshandiswa muzviitiko zvese nekuti capacitance inodiwa pachikumbiro ichi yakakurisa kuti ipere neakadhindwa capacitors.
(a) Dhiagiramu yemagetsi ekudzikamisa dunhu. (b-d) (b) Vout, (c) Vsw, uye (d) Waveforms yezvino inoyerera ichipinda muinductor, iyo yekupinda voltage ndeye 4.0 V, iyo inorema kuramba i1 kΩ, uye inductor yakadhindwa inoshandiswa kuyera.Surface mount resistors uye capacitor inoshandiswa pachiyero ichi.(e) Kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvinopikisa mitoro uye magetsi ekuisa, kushanda kwemagetsi emagetsi ekugadzirisa magetsi achishandisa zvikamu zvose zvepamusoro uye zvakadhindwa inductors uye resistors.(f ) Chiyero chekushanda kwepamusoro pegomo uye dunhu rakadhindwa rinoratidzwa mu (e).
Kune 4.0 V yekupinda voltage uye 1000 Ω mutoro wekudzivirira, mavheji akayerwa achishandisa inductors akadhindwa anoratidzwa muMufananidzo 6b-d. Mufananidzo 6c unoratidza magetsi paVsw terminal yeIC; iyo inductor voltage iVin-Vsw.Mufananidzo 6d inoratidza ikozvino inoyerera ichipinda muinductor.Kubudirira kwedunhu ne SMT uye zvikamu zvakadhindwa zvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 6e sebasa rekuisa magetsi uye kutakura mutoro, uye Mufananidzo 6f unoratidza chiyero chekushanda. yezvikamu zvakadhindwa kune zvikamu zve SMT.Kushanda kwakayerwa uchishandisa zvikamu zveSMT kwakafanana nehuwandu hunotarisirwa hunopiwa mudhepa re data remugadziri 14.Pakupinza kwepamusoro ikozvino (yakaderera mutoro wekudzivirira uye kuderera kwemagetsi ekupinza), kushanda kwemainductors akadhindwa akaderera zvakanyanya kudarika. iyo yeSMT inductors nekuda kwepamusoro-soro kupikisa.Zvisinei, nepamusoro pekuisa magetsi uye yakakwira kubuda ikozvino, kurasikirwa kwekupikisa kunova kushoma, uye kushanda kwemainductors akadhindwa kunotanga kusvika kune yeSMT inductors.Nekuda kwekutakura mitoro > 500 Ω uye Vin. = 4.0 V kana > 750 Ω uye Vin = 3.5 V, kushanda kweakadhindwa inductors yakakura kudarika 85% yeSMT inductors.
Kuenzanisa ikozvino waveform muFigure 6d pamwe nekuyerwa kwesimba kurasikirwa kunoratidza kuti kurasikirwa kwekupikisa muinductor ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekusiyana kwekushanda pakati pedunhu rakadhindwa uye SMT circuit, sezvakatarisirwa.Kupinza uye kubuda simba kuyerwa pa 4.0 V. input voltage uye 1000 Ω load resistance ndeye 30.4 mW uye 25.8 mW yemasekete ane SMT components, uye 33.1 mW uye 25.2 mW yemasekete ane zvikamu zvakadhindwa. Nokudaro, kurasikirwa kwedunhu rakadhindwa i7.9 mW, iyo 3.4 mW yakakwirira kudarika iyo yakadhindwa. dunhu rine SMT components.Iyo RMS inductor ikozvino inoverengwa kubva kune waveform muFigure 6d ndeye 25.6 mA. Sezvo nhevedzano yayo kuramba iri 4.9 Ω, inotarisirwa kurasikirwa kwesimba i3.2 mW.Iyi i96% yeyakayerwa 3.4 mW DC simba musiyano.Kuwedzera, dunhu rinogadzirwa neakadhindwa inductors uye akadhindwa resistors uye akadhindwa inductors uye SMT resistors, uye hapana musiyano wakakosha wekubudirira unoonekwa pakati pavo.
Ipapo iyo voltage regulator inogadzirwa painochinjika PCB (inodhinda yedunhu uye SMT chikamu chekuita inoratidzwa muSupplementary Figure S1) uye yakabatana pakati peinoshanduka lithium-ion bhatiri sesimba sosi uye OLED array semutoro. Maererano naLochner et al. 9 Kugadzira maOLED, pixel yega yega yeOLED inoshandisa 0.6 mA pa5 V. Bhatiri rinoshandisa lithium cobalt oxide uye graphite se cathode uye anode, zvichiteerana, uye inogadzirwa nachiremba blade coating, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa kwebhatiri nzira yekudhinda.7 The bhatiri rinokwana 16mAh, uye magetsi panguva yekuedzwa ndeye 4.0V.Mufananidzo 7 unoratidza mufananidzo wedunhu paPCB inoshanduka, ichipa mapikisiki matatu eOLED akabatanidzwa muparallel.Kuratidzira kwakaratidza kukwanisa kwezvikamu zvesimba zvakadhindwa kuti zvibatanidzwe nezvimwe. inochinjika uye organic zvishandiso kugadzira zvakanyanya kuoma zvemagetsi masisitimu.
Mufananidzo weiyo voltage regulator wedunhu paPCB inochinjika uchishandisa akadhindwa inductors uye resistors, uchishandisa anochinjika lithium-ion mabhatiri kupa simba matatu organic maLED.
Isu takaratidza skrini yakadhindwa inductors, capacitors uye resistors ine huwandu hwehukoshero painochinjika PET substrates, nechinangwa chekutsiva pamusoro pegomo zvinhu mumagetsi emagetsi midziyo. , uye mutsetse upamhi-nzvimbo hupamhi reshiyo, uye nokushandisa gobvu rukoko of yakaderera-resistance ingi.Zvikamu izvi zvakabatanidzwa mune yakadhindwa zvizere uye inochinjika RLC dunhu uye inoratidzira fungidziro yemagetsi maitiro mu kHz-MHz frequency renji, inova hurusa. kufarira kune magetsi emagetsi.
Mamiriro ekushandisa emagetsi akadhindwa emagetsi anopfekeka kana chigadzirwa-chakabatanidzwa anochinjika masisitimu emagetsi, anofambiswa nemabhatiri anochinjika anochajiswa (akadai selithium-ion), anogona kuburitsa mavheti akasiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekuchaja.Kana mutoro (kusanganisira kudhinda uye kudhinda organic electronic equipment) inoda mhepo isingaperi kana yakakwirira kudarika voltage inobuda nebhatiri, voltage regulator inodiwa.Nechikonzero ichi, ma inductors akadhindwa uye resistors anosanganiswa neachinyakare silicon ICs kuita boost regulator yekusimbisa OLED ine simba risingaperi. ye5 V kubva kune inoshanduka voltage bhatiri simba rekupa.Mukati mehumwe huwandu hwekuremerwa ikozvino uye kupinza voltage, kugona kwedunhu iri kunodarika 85% yekubudirira kwedunhu rekutonga uchishandisa pamusoro pegomo inductors uye resistors.Pasinei nezvinhu uye geometric optimizations, kurasika kunopikisa muinductor kuchiri chinhu chinogadzirisa kushanda kwedunhu pamatunhu akakwirira emazuva ano (input current yakakura kudarika inenge 10 mA) .Zvisinei, pamvura yakaderera, kurasikirwa muinductor kunoderedzwa, uye kushanda kwese kunogumira nekubudirira. yeIC.Sezvo zvakawanda zvakadhindwa uye zvigadzirwa zvehupenyu zvinoda zvishoma zvishoma, zvakadai semaOLED maduku anoshandiswa mukuratidza kwedu, akadhindwa emagetsi inductors anogona kuonekwa seakakodzera kune zvakadai. chepamusoro chese chekushandura zvakanaka chinogona kuwanikwa.
Mune basa iri, voltage regulator inovakwa paPCB yechinyakare, inochinjika PCB uye pamusoro pegomo chikamu chekutengesa tekinoroji, nepo chikamu chakadhindwa chinogadzirwa pane imwe substrate.Zvisinei, iyo yakaderera-tembiricha uye yakakwirira-viscosity inks inoshandiswa kugadzira skrini- akadhindwa mafirimu anofanirwa kubvumira zvinhu zvisinganzwisisiki, pamwe chete nekubatana pakati pechigadziro uye pamusoro pepamusoro pechikamu chekubatanidza mapedhi, kuti adhindwe pane chero substrate.Izvi, zvakasanganiswa nekushandiswa kweiyo iripo pasi-tembiricha conductive adhesives kune pamusoro pegomo components, ichabvumira. dunhu rose rinofanira kuvakwa pane zvisingadhuri substrates (zvakadai sePET) pasina kudikanwa kwemaitiro ekubvisa akadai sePCB etching.Naizvozvo, iyo skrini-yakadhindwa zvikamu zvepasire zvakagadziridzwa mubasa iri zvinobatsira kugadzira nzira yekuchinjika kwemagetsi masisitimu anobatanidza simba nemitoro. ne-high-performance power electronics, kushandisa substrates isingadhuri, kunyanya kuwedzera maitiro uye zvishoma Nhamba yezvikamu zvepamusoro pegomo.
Kushandisa Asys ASP01M screen printer uye simbi isina tsvina yakapiwa neDynamesh Inc., zvikamu zvose zvepasi pasi zvakadhindwa pachigadziko chePET substrate nehupamhi hwe 76 μm. mitsara pa inch ye dielectric layer uye dhizaini yekudzivirira.Shandisa simba re squeegee re 55 N, kukurumidza kudhinda kwe 60 mm / s, kureba kwe 1.5 mm, uye Serilor squeegee ine kuoma kwe65 (yesimbi uye inopikisa. layers) kana 75 (ye dielectric layers) yekudhinda skrini.
Iwo conductive layers-mainductors uye macontact e capacitor uye resistors-akadhindwa neDuPont 5082 kana DuPont 5064H sirivheri microflake inki.Inopikisa yakadhindwa neDuPont 7082 carbon conductor.Kune capacitor dielectric, conductive compound BT-101 dielectric titana. inoshandiswa.Ega yega yega ye dielectric inogadzirwa uchishandisa maviri-pass (wet-wet) kudhinda kutenderera kuti ivandudze kufanana kwefirimu.Pachikamu chimwe nechimwe, kuitika kwemaitiro akawanda ekudhinda kwechikamu chekuita uye kusiyana kwakaongororwa.Mienzaniso yakagadzirwa ne zvipfeko zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvakafanana zvakaomeswa pa 70 ° C kwemaminetsi maviri pakati pezvipfeko. Mushure mekushandisa jasi rekupedzisira rechinhu chimwe nechimwe, sampuli dzakabikwa pa 140 ° C kwemaminitsi gumi kuti dzive nechokwadi chekuoma. printer inoshandiswa kuenzanisa zvikamu zvinotevera.Kusangana nepakati peinductor kunowanikwa kuburikidza nekucheka gomba pane pedhi yepakati uye stencil kudhinda traces kuseri kwe substrate neDuPont 5064H ink.Kubatana pakati pemichina yekudhinda inoshandisawo Dupont. 5064H stencil printing.Kuitira kuratidza zvikamu zvakadhindwa uye zvikamu zveSMT paPCB inoshanduka inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 7, zvinyorwa zvakadhindwa zvakabatanidzwa uchishandisa Circuit Works CW2400 conductive epoxy, uye zvikamu zveSMT zvakabatanidzwa nekutengesa kwechinyakare.
Lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) uye graphite-based electrodes inoshandiswa se cathode uye anode yebhatiri, maererano.The cathode slurry isanganiswa ye80% LCO (MTI Corp.), 7.5% graphite (KS6, Timcal), 2.5 % kabhoni dema (Super P, Timcal) uye 10% polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF, Kureha Corp.). ) Anode musanganiswa we84wt% graphite, 4wt% carbon black uye 13wt% PVDF.N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP, Sigma Aldrich) inoshandiswa kunyungudutsa PVDF binder uye kuparadzira slurry.Slurry yakagadziriswa ne kubvongodza nevortex mixer usiku hwose.A 0.0005 inch thick steel stainless foil uye 10 μm nickel foil inoshandiswa sevatori vemazuva ano ve cathode uye anode, maererano. mm / s.Kupisa electrode muchoto pa 80 ° C kwemaawa maviri kuti ubvise solvent.Kureba kwe electrode mushure mekuoma inenge 60 μm, uye zvichienderana nehuremu hwezvinhu zvinoshanda, simba rezvinyorwa ndeye 1.65 mAh. /cm2.Ma electrode akachekwa kuita zviyero zve 1.3 × 1.3 cm2 uye anopisa muchoto chevacuum pa 140 ° C usiku hwose, uye akazonamwa nemasaga ealuminium laminate mubhokisi regirovhosi rakazara nenitrogen. A solution ye polypropylene base film with anode uye cathode uye 1M LiPF6 muEC/DEC (1:1) inoshandiswa sebhatiri electrolyte.
Green OLED ine poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-n-(4-butylphenyl)-diphenylamine) (TFB) uye poly((9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7- (2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-) 4, 8-diyl) (F8BT) maererano nemaitiro akatsanangurwa muLochner et al.
Shandisa Dektak stylus profiler kuyera ukobvu hwefirimu. Firimu rakachekwa kugadzirira chidimbu chechikamu chekuongorora nekuongorora maelectron microscopy (SEM). Iyo FEI Quanta 3D field emission gun (FEG) SEM inoshandiswa kuratidza chimiro chezvakadhindwa. firimu uye simbisa kuyerwa kwehupamhi.Chidzidzo cheSEM chakaitwa pamhepo inomhanyisa ye20 keV uye chinhambwe chekushanda che10 mm.
Shandisa digital multimeter kuyera DC kuramba, voltage uye ikozvino.I AC impedance ye inductors, capacitor uye maseketi anoyerwa uchishandisa Agilent E4980 LCR mita ye frequencies pazasi 1 MHz uye Agilent E5061A network analyzer inoshandiswa kuyera frequencies pamusoro pe500 kHz. Tektronix TDS 5034 oscilloscope kuyera iyo voltage regulator waveform.
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