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Muhupenyu hwedu, tinowanzo shandisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvemagetsi zvigadzirwa, zvakadai senharembozha, makombiyuta, maTV, nezvimwewo;asi, unoziva here kuti midziyo yemagetsi iyi inoumbwa nezviuru zvezvikamu zvemagetsi, asi Isu takafuratira kuvepo kwavo.Ngatitarisei pazvinhu zvinowanzoshandiswa zvemagetsi zvinoumba zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi izvi, uye toita chikwata chepamusoro chegumi chezvinhu izvi zvinowanzoshandiswa zvemagetsi.

Zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemagetsi mumafoni efoni
1. Zvinowanzoshandiswa zvemagetsi zvikamu
Kutanga, ngatitarisei kuti ndezvipi zvinowanzoshandiswa zvemagetsi zvikamu.Kazhinji, zvinhu zvemagetsi zvinowanzo shandiswa ndezvi: capacitors, resistors, inductors, potentiometers, diode, transistors, electron tubes, relays, transformers, connectors, zvakasiyana-siyana zvinonzwisisika zvikamu, resonators, mafirita, switch, nezvimwe.
2. Nzvimbo dzepamusoro gumi dzezvikamu zvemagetsi zvinowanzoshandiswa
Tevere, isu tinoenderera mberi nekutarisa gumi epamusoro masanji ezvinowanzo shandiswa zvemagetsi zvikamu kuti tione kuti ndechipi chikamu chinogona kuve mukuru.
Nhamba 10: Transformer.Musimboti wekushanda we transformer (zita rechirungu: Transformer) chishandiso chinoshandisa musimboti wemagetsi induction kushandura AC voltage.Inoita basa mukusimudza uye kudzikisa voltage mumidziyo yemagetsi, uye zvakare ine mabasa akadai sekufananidza impedance uye kuchengetedzwa kwega.

Nha. 9: Sensonzi.Sensor (zita rechirungu: transducer/sensor) mudziyo wekuona unogona kunzwa ruzivo rwuri kuyerwa, uye unokwanisa kushandura ruzivo rwunonzwa kuita masaini emagetsi kana mamwe mafomu anodiwa ekubuda kweruzivo zvinoenderana nemimwe mitemo kuti asangane nekufambiswa kwemashoko, kugadzirisa, kuchengetedza. , kuratidza, kurekodha uye kutonga zvinodiwa.Kuti vawane ruzivo kubva kunze kwenyika, vanhu vanofanira kushandisa nhengo dzekunzwa.Nekudaro, nhengo dzemitezo dzevanhu pachavo dziri kure nekukwana mukudzidza kwezviitiko zvechisikigo nemitemo uye mabasa ekugadzira.Kuti uenderane nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, masensa anodiwa.Naizvozvo, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti sensor ndeyekuwedzeredzwa kwenhengo shanu dzemunhu, dzinozivikanwawo semagetsi mashanu pfungwa.

Nhamba 8: Munda wekuita chubhu.Field effect transistor (zita rechirungu: Field Effect Transistor abbreviation (FET)), iro rakazara zita remunda effect transistor, iri semiconductor mudziyo unoshandisa electric field effect ye control input loop kudzora kubuda loop current, uye inodanwa nezita. it.Iyo munda mhedzisiro chubhu inofanirwa kushandiswa kukwidziridza, kusiyanisa kuramba, kushandiswa kuri nyore seyanogara iripo sosi, yemagetsi switch, yakakwira yekupinza impedance, uye yakakodzera kwazvo shanduko ye impedance.

Nhamba 7: Transistor.A transistor mudziyo wesemiconductor unodzora zvazvino uye unogona kukwidziridza zvazvino.Basa rayo nderokusimudza chiratidzo chisina simba muchiratidzo chemagetsi nehukuru hwe amplitude;iyo inoshandiswawo sechibatiso chisina kubata chekudzora akasiyana emagetsi maseketi.

Nhamba 6: Varactor diode.Varactor Diodes (Zita reChirungu: Varactor Diodes), inozivikanwawo se "Variable Reactance Diodes", inogadzirwa nekushandisa hunhu hwekuti junction capacitance inosiyana nevoltage yakashandiswa kana pN junction iri reverse yakarerekera.Inoshandiswa mukukwirira-frequency tuning, kutaurirana uye mamwe maseketi.Inoshandiswa sevariable capacitor..Inoshandiswa mu-high-frequency circuits ye otomatiki tuning, frequency modulation, uye kuenzana, semuenzaniso, senge inoshanduka capacitor mu tuning loop yeanogamuchira terevhizheni.

Varactor diode
Nha. 5: Inductor.Inductance inzvimbo yekuvhara loop uye huwandu hwemuviri.Kana iyo coil inopfuura ikozvino, magnetic field inokurudzirwa mu coil, uye iyo induced magnetic field ichaita induced current kuti irambe iripo ichipfuura necoil;an inductor (zita rechirungu: Inductor) chinhu che inductance chakagadzirwa ne inductance properties.Kana pasina ikozvino kuburikidza ne inductor, ichaedza kuvhara ikozvino kubva pakuyerera nayo kana dunhu riripo;kana inductor iri mune ikozvino kuburikidza nehurumende, ichaedza kuchengetedza ikozvino kana dunhu rapera.Mainductors anonziwo chokes, reactors, uye dynamic reactor.

Nhamba 4: Zener diode.Zener diode (zita rechirungu Zener diode) iko kushandiswa kwe pn junction reverse breakdown state, yazvino inogona kuchinjika muhukuru hukuru ukuwo voltage iri chinhu chimwe chete, chakagadzirwa ne diode ine voltage stabilizing effect.Diode iyi semiconductor mudziyo ine yakakwirira kuramba kusvika yakakosha reverse breakdown voltage.Panguva ino yakaoma yekuputsika, iyo reverse kuramba inoderedzwa kusvika kudiki kukosha, uye ikozvino inowedzera munzvimbo ino yakaderera yekupikisa.Iyo voltage inoramba isingachinji, uye iyo Zener diode inokamurwa zvichienderana nekuparara kwemagetsi.Nekuda kwehunhu uhu, iyo Zener diode inonyanya kushandiswa sevoltage regulator kana voltage referensi chikamu.Zener diodes inogona kubatanidzwa munhevedzano kuti ishandiswe kune yakakwirira voltages, uye yakakwirira yakagadzikana voltages inogona kuwanikwa nekubatanidza iwo munhevedzano.

Zener diode
Nhamba 3: Crystal diode.Crystal diode (Zita reChirungu: crystaldiode) Mudziyo uri kumagumo ese esemiconductor mumudziyo wakasimba wemagetsi.Chinhu chikuru chezvishandiso izvi ndezvavo zvisiri-mutsara ikozvino-voltage maitiro.Kubva ipapo, nekuvandudzwa kwezvigadzirwa zve semiconductor uye tekinoroji yekugadzira, kushandisa akasiyana semiconductor zvinhu, kugovera doping, uye maumbirwo ejometri, akasiyana ekristaro diode ane akasiyana siyana ezvimiro uye akasiyana mabasa uye kushandiswa kwakagadzirwa.Zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvinosanganisira germanium, silicon uye komputa semiconductors.Crystal diode inogona kushandiswa kugadzira, kutonga, kugamuchira, kushandura, kukwidziridza masaini, uye kuita shanduko yesimba.MaCrystal diode anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo yemagetsi, asi anogona kungoiswa pachinzvimbo chechitatu mune runyorwa rwezvinowanzo shandiswa zvemagetsi zvikamu.

Crystal diode
Nhamba 2: Capacitors.Macapacitors anowanzo kupfupikiswa se capacitors (zita rechirungu: capacitor).A capacitor, sezita rinoratidza, i'container yekubata magetsi', mudziyo unobata machaji emagetsi.Capacitors ndeimwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa emagetsi zvikamu mumidziyo yemagetsi.Iwo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaseketi akadai sekuvhara, kubatanidza, kupfuura, kusefa, tuning zvishwe, shanduko yesimba, uye kutonga.
Macapacitors anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo yemagetsi, asi anogona kungoiswa pechipiri mune runyorwa rwezvinowanzo shandiswa zvemagetsi zvikamu.Iye zvino nguva yekuona chishamiso ichi yasvika.
Nha. 1: Vanopikisa.Resistors (zita rechirungu: Resistor) vanowanzodaidzwa zvakananga kunzi resistors muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva.Icho chinhu chazvino chinomisikidza.Resistor ine chinovharira mhedzisiro pane yazvino.Inogona kugadzirisa ikozvino kuburikidza nebazi rakabatana nayo, uye ikozvino inogona kugadziriswa nekupikisa kwekudzivirira, kuitira kuti zvive nechokwadi chokuti zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana mumagetsi emagetsi zvinoshanda zvakasimba pasi peiyo yakarongwa ikozvino., Kunyange zvazvo basa rekupikisa riri rakajairika, asi kukosha kwaro kwakakosha zvikuru, nekudzivisa kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwezvikamu zvakasiyana.